Gal·li
31
Ga
Grup
13
Període
4
Bloc
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
31
31
39
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
31
Massa atòmica
69,723
Nombre de massa
70
Categoria
Metalls post-transició
Color
Plata
Radioactiu
No
From the Latin word Gallia, France; also from Latin, gallus, a translation of Lecoq, a cock
Estructura cristal·lina
Cos ortoròmbic centrada
Història
In 1871, existence of gallium was first predicted by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev and called the element eka-aluminum.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Gallium was discovered spectroscopically by French chemist Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875 by its characteristic spectrum in an examination of a sphalerite sample.
Later that year, Lecoq obtained the free metal by electrolysis of its hydroxide in potassium hydroxide solution.
Electrons per capa
2, 8, 18, 3
Configuració electrònica
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Gallium has a strong tendency to supercool below its melting point / freezing point
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
5,907 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
302,91 K | 29,76 °C | 85,57 °F
Punt d'ebullició
2477,15 K | 2204 °C | 3999,2 °F
Entalpia de fusió
5,59 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
256 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,371 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,0019%
Abundància a l'univers
1×10-6%
Número CAS
7440-55-3
Número CID de PubChem
5360835
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
135 pm
Radi covalent
122 pm
Electronegativitat
1,81 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
5,9993 eV
Volum atòmic
11,8 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,406 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
1, 2, 3
Aplicacions
Gallium wets glass or porcelain and forms a brilliant mirror when it is painted on glass.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
It is widely used in doping semiconductors and producing solid-state devices such as transistors.
Low melting gallium alloys are used in some medical thermometers as non-toxic substitutes for mercury.
Gallium arsenide is capable of converting electricity directly into coherent light.
Gallium is considered to be non-toxic
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
69Ga, 71GaIsòtops inestables
56Ga, 57Ga, 58Ga, 59Ga, 60Ga, 61Ga, 62Ga, 63Ga, 64Ga, 65Ga, 66Ga, 67Ga, 68Ga, 70Ga, 72Ga, 73Ga, 74Ga, 75Ga, 76Ga, 77Ga, 78Ga, 79Ga, 80Ga, 81Ga, 82Ga, 83Ga, 84Ga, 85Ga, 86Ga