Tuli
69
Tm
Grup
n/a
Període
6
Bloc
f
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
69
69
100
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
69
Massa atòmica
168,93421
Nombre de massa
169
Categoria
Lantànids
Color
Plata
Radioactiu
No
Named after Thule, the earliest name for Scandinavia
Estructura cristal·lina
Hexàgon simple
Història
Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve in 1879 by looking for impurities in the oxides of other rare earth elements.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
The first researcher to obtain nearly pure thulium was Charles James, a British expatriate working on a large scale at New Hampshire College in Durham.
High-purity thulium oxide was first offered commercially in the late 1950s.
Electrons per capa
2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Configuració electrònica
[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Thulium ore occurs most commonly in China
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
9,321 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
1818,15 K | 1545 °C | 2813 °F
Punt d'ebullició
2223,15 K | 1950 °C | 3542 °F
Entalpia de fusió
16,8 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
250 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,16 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,000045%
Abundància a l'univers
1×10-8%
Número CAS
7440-30-4
Número CID de PubChem
23961
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
176 pm
Radi covalent
190 pm
Electronegativitat
1,25 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
6,1843 eV
Volum atòmic
18,1 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,168 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
2, 3
Aplicacions
Thulium is used to dope yttrium aluminum garnets used in lasers.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
It has also been used in high-temperature superconductors similarly to yttrium.
Thulium has use in ferrites, ceramic magnetic materials that are used in microwave equipment.
Thulium is used in euro banknotes for its blue fluorescence under UV light to defeat counterfeiters.
Thulium is considered to be non-toxic
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
169TmIsòtops inestables
145Tm, 146Tm, 147Tm, 148Tm, 149Tm, 150Tm, 151Tm, 152Tm, 153Tm, 154Tm, 155Tm, 156Tm, 157Tm, 158Tm, 159Tm, 160Tm, 161Tm, 162Tm, 163Tm, 164Tm, 165Tm, 166Tm, 167Tm, 168Tm, 170Tm, 171Tm, 172Tm, 173Tm, 174Tm, 175Tm, 176Tm, 177Tm, 178Tm, 179Tm