Tal·li
81
Tl
Grup
13
Període
6
Bloc
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
81
81
123
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
81
Massa atòmica
204,3833
Nombre de massa
204
Categoria
Metalls post-transició
Color
Plata
Radioactiu
No
From Greek thallos, meanin a green shoot or twig
Estructura cristal·lina
Hexàgon simple
Història
Thallium was discovered spectroscopically by Sir William Crookes in 1861, in London.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
In 1862, Claude-Auguste Lamy used a spectrometer to determine the composition of a selenium-containing substance which was deposited during the production of sulfuric acid from pyrite.
He noticed the new green line in the spectra and concluded that a new element was present.
Electrons per capa
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Configuració electrònica
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Agatha Christie made use of thallium's toxicity in her novel The Pale Horse
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
11,85 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
577,15 K | 304 °C | 579,2 °F
Punt d'ebullició
1746,15 K | 1473 °C | 2683,4 °F
Entalpia de fusió
4,2 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
165 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,129 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,000053%
Abundància a l'univers
5×10-8%
Número CAS
7440-28-0
Número CID de PubChem
5359464
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
170 pm
Radi covalent
145 pm
Electronegativitat
1,62 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
6,1082 eV
Volum atòmic
17,2 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,461 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
1, 3
Aplicacions
Thallium selenide has been used in a bolometer for infrared detection.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium is also used in gamma radiation detection equipment.
Thallium oxide has been used to produce glasses with a high index of refraction, and is used in the manufacture of photo cells.
Some of the electrodes in dissolved oxygen analyzers contain thallium.
Thallium and its compounds are highly toxic
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
203Tl, 205TlIsòtops inestables
176Tl, 177Tl, 178Tl, 179Tl, 180Tl, 181Tl, 182Tl, 183Tl, 184Tl, 185Tl, 186Tl, 187Tl, 188Tl, 189Tl, 190Tl, 191Tl, 192Tl, 193Tl, 194Tl, 195Tl, 196Tl, 197Tl, 198Tl, 199Tl, 200Tl, 201Tl, 202Tl, 204Tl, 206Tl, 207Tl, 208Tl, 209Tl, 210Tl, 211Tl, 212Tl