Bismut
83
Bi
Grup
15
Període
6
Bloc
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
83
83
126
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
83
Massa atòmica
208,9804
Nombre de massa
209
Categoria
Metalls post-transició
Color
Gris
Radioactiu
No
From the German Weisse Masse, meaning white mass
Estructura cristal·lina
Base monoclinica centrada
Història
Bismuth has been known since ancient times, so no one person is credited with its discovery.
The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements.
In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.
The element was confused in early times with tin and lead because of its resemblance to those elements.
In 1753, French chemist Claude François Geoffroy demonstrated that this metal is distinct from lead and tin.
Electrons per capa
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Configuració electrònica
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Bismuth has unusually high electrical resistance for a metal
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
9,78 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
544,65 K | 271,5 °C | 520,7 °F
Punt d'ebullició
1837,15 K | 1564 °C | 2847,2 °F
Entalpia de fusió
10,9 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
160 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,122 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
2,5×10-6%
Abundància a l'univers
7×10-8%
Número CAS
7440-69-9
Número CID de PubChem
5359367
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
156 pm
Radi covalent
148 pm
Electronegativitat
2,02 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
7,2856 eV
Volum atòmic
21,3 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,0797 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
-3, 3, 5
Aplicacions
Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is used as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers.
Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.
It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition.
Bismuth oxychloride is used in cosmetics, as a pigment in paint for eye shadows, hair sprays and nail polishes.
It has also been used as a replacement for lead in shot, bullets and less-lethal riot gun ammunition.
Bismuth is considered to be non-toxic
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
-Isòtops inestables
184Bi, 185Bi, 186Bi, 187Bi, 188Bi, 189Bi, 190Bi, 191Bi, 192Bi, 193Bi, 194Bi, 195Bi, 196Bi, 197Bi, 198Bi, 199Bi, 200Bi, 201Bi, 202Bi, 203Bi, 204Bi, 205Bi, 206Bi, 207Bi, 208Bi, 209Bi, 210Bi, 211Bi, 212Bi, 213Bi, 214Bi, 215Bi, 216Bi, 217Bi, 218Bi