Alumini
13
Al
Grup
13
Període
3
Bloc
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
13
13
14
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
13
Massa atòmica
26,9815386
Nombre de massa
27
Categoria
Metalls post-transició
Color
Plata
Radioactiu
No
From the Latin word alumen, alum
Estructura cristal·lina
Cara cúbica centrada
Història
In 1761, Guyton de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Antoine Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.
Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.
Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Electrons per capa
2, 8, 3
Configuració electrònica
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Aluminum does not stick to magnets under normal conditions
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
2,698 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
933,47 K | 660,32 °C | 1220,58 °F
Punt d'ebullició
2792,15 K | 2519 °C | 4566,2 °F
Entalpia de fusió
10,7 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
293 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,897 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
8,1%
Abundància a l'univers
0,005%
Número CAS
7429-90-5
Número CID de PubChem
5359268
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
143 pm
Radi covalent
121 pm
Electronegativitat
1,61 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
5,9858 eV
Volum atòmic
9,98 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
2,37 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
1, 3
Aplicacions
Aluminum is used in an extensive range of products from drinks cans to window frames and boats to aircraft.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
It is used in electrical transmission lines.
It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.
When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
Aluminum is not known to be toxic
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
27AlIsòtops inestables
21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al