Liti
3
Li
Grup
1
Període
2
Bloc
s
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
3
3
4
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
3
Massa atòmica
6,941
Nombre de massa
7
Categoria
Metalls alcalins
Color
Plata
Radioactiu
No
From the Greek word lithos, stone
Estructura cristal·lina
Cos cúbic centrat
Història
Lithium was discovered by Johann Arfvedson in 1817 when he was analyzing minerals from the island of Uto in Sweden.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
The pure metal was isolated the following year by both Swedish chemist William Thomas Brande and English chemist Sir Humphry Davy working independently.
In 1855, larger quantities of lithium were produced through the electrolysis of lithium chloride by Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen.
Electrons per capa
2, 1
Configuració electrònica
[He] 2s1
Lithium is the only metal which reacts with nitrogen under normal conditions
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
0,534 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
453,69 K | 180,54 °C | 356,97 °F
Punt d'ebullició
1615,15 K | 1342 °C | 2447,6 °F
Entalpia de fusió
3 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
147 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
3,582 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,0017%
Abundància a l'univers
6×10-7%
Número CAS
7439-93-2
Número CID de PubChem
3028194
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
152 pm
Radi covalent
128 pm
Electronegativitat
0,98 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
5,3917 eV
Volum atòmic
13,10 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,847 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
1
Aplicacions
Pure lithium metal is used in rechargeable lithium ion batteries.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium stearate is used as an all-purpose and high-temperature lubricant.
Lithium is used in special glasses and ceramics.
Metallic lithium and its complex hydrides are used as high energy additives to rocket propellants.
Lithium is corrosive and requires special handling to avoid skin contact
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
6Li, 7LiIsòtops inestables
4Li, 5Li, 8Li, 9Li, 10Li, 11Li, 12Li