Beril·li
4
Be
Grup
2
Període
2
Bloc
s
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
4
4
5
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
4
Massa atòmica
9,012182
Nombre de massa
9
Categoria
Alcalinoterris
Color
Gris Pissarra
Radioactiu
No
From the Greek word beryllos, beryl
Estructura cristal·lina
Hexàgon simple
Història
Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin discovered beryllium in the oxide form in both beryl and emeralds in 1798.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Friedrich Wöhler and Antoine Bussy independently isolated beryllium in 1828 by the chemical reaction of metallic potassium with beryllium chloride.
The first commercially-successful process for producing beryllium was developed in 1932 by Alfred Stock and Hans Goldschmidt.
Electrons per capa
2, 2
Configuració electrònica
[He] 2s2
Emerald is a naturally occurring compound of beryllium
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
1,85 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
1560,15 K | 1287 °C | 2348,6 °F
Punt d'ebullició
2742,15 K | 2469 °C | 4476,2 °F
Entalpia de fusió
7,95 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
297 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
1,825 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,00019%
Abundància a l'univers
1×10-7%
Número CAS
7440-41-7
Número CID de PubChem
5460467
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
112 pm
Radi covalent
96 pm
Electronegativitat
1,57 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
9,3227 eV
Volum atòmic
4,9 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
2,01 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
1, 2
Aplicacions
Beryllium is used in nuclear reactors as a reflector or moderator.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium metal is used for lightweight structural components in the defense and aerospace industries in high-speed aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles and satellites.
Unlike most metals, beryllium is virtually transparent to x-rays and hence it is used in radiation windows for x-ray tubes.
Beryllium and its salts are toxic and should be handled with the greatest of care
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
9BeIsòtops inestables
5Be, 6Be, 7Be, 8Be, 10Be, 11Be, 12Be, 13Be, 14Be, 15Be, 16Be