Bor
5
B
Grup
13
Període
2
Bloc
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
5
5
6
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
5
Massa atòmica
10,811
Nombre de massa
11
Categoria
Metal·loide
Color
Negre
Radioactiu
No
From the Arabic word Buraq, Persian Burah
Estructura cristal·lina
Triangular simple
Història
Boron compounds have been known for thousands of years, but the element was not discovered until 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Gay-Lussac and Thenard.
Boron was not recognized as an element until it was isolated in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard.
Jöns Jakob Berzelius identified boron as an element in 1824.
Boron was not recognized as an element until it was isolated in 1808 by Sir Humphry Davy and by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard.
Jöns Jakob Berzelius identified boron as an element in 1824.
Electrons per capa
2, 3
Configuració electrònica
[He] 2s2 2p1
Boron is an essential nutrient for all green plants
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
2,34 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
2349,15 K | 2076 °C | 3768,8 °F
Punt d'ebullició
4200,15 K | 3927 °C | 7100,6 °F
Entalpia de fusió
50 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
507 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
1,026 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,00086%
Abundància a l'univers
1×10-7%
Número CAS
7440-42-8
Número CID de PubChem
5462311
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
90 pm
Radi covalent
84 pm
Electronegativitat
2,04 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
8,298 eV
Volum atòmic
4,6 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,274 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
1, 2, 3
Aplicacions
Boron oxide is used in glassmaking and ceramics.
Borax is used in making fiberglass, as a cleansing fluid, a water softener, insecticide, herbicide and disinfectant.
Boric acid is used as a mild antiseptic and as a flame retardant.
Boron shielding is used as a control for nuclear reactors.
Borax is used in making fiberglass, as a cleansing fluid, a water softener, insecticide, herbicide and disinfectant.
Boric acid is used as a mild antiseptic and as a flame retardant.
Boron shielding is used as a control for nuclear reactors.
Elemental boron, boron oxide, boric acid, borates and many organoboron compounds are non-toxic
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
10B, 11BIsòtops inestables
7B, 8B, 9B, 12B, 13B, 14B, 15B, 16B, 17B, 18B, 19B