Carboni
6
C
Grup
14
Període
2
Bloc
p
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
6
6
6
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
6
Massa atòmica
12,0107
Nombre de massa
12
Categoria
Altres no metalls
Color
Negre
Radioactiu
No
From the Latin word carbo, charcoal
Estructura cristal·lina
Hexàgon simple
Història
Carbon was discovered in prehistory and was known in the forms of soot and charcoal to the earliest human civilizations.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
In 1772, Antoine Lavoisier showed that diamonds are a form of carbon; when he burned samples of charcoal and diamond and found that neither produced any water.
In 1779, Carl Wilhelm Scheele showed that graphite burned to form carbon dioxide and so must be another form of carbon.
Electrons per capa
2, 4
Configuració electrònica
[He] 2s2 2p2
About 20% of the weight of living organisms is carbon
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
2,267 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
3948,15 K | 3675 °C | 6647 °F
Punt d'ebullició
4300,15 K | 4027 °C | 7280,6 °F
Entalpia de fusió
105 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
715 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,709 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,18%
Abundància a l'univers
0,5%
Número CAS
7440-44-0
Número CID de PubChem
5462310
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
67 pm
Radi covalent
77 pm
Electronegativitat
2,55 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
11,2603 eV
Volum atòmic
5,31 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
1,29 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4
Aplicacions
The major use of carbon other than food and wood is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuel methane gas and crude oil.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
Carbon black is used as the black pigment in printing ink.
Pure carbon has extremely low toxicity to humans and can be handled safely in the form of graphite or charcoal
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
12C, 13CIsòtops inestables
8C, 9C, 10C, 11C, 14C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 18C, 19C, 20C, 21C, 22C