Zirconi
40
Zr
Grup
4
Període
5
Bloc
d
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
40
40
51
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
40
Massa atòmica
91,224
Nombre de massa
91
Categoria
Metalls de transició
Color
Plata
Radioactiu
No
From the Persian zargun, gold like
Estructura cristal·lina
Hexàgon simple
Història
Zirconium was first recognized as an element by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789, in Berlin, in a sample of zircon from Sri Lanka.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Zirconium metal was first obtained in an impure form in 1824 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius by heating a mixture of potassium and potassium zirconium fluoride in an iron tube.
Dutch scientists Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer discovered a method for producing high purity zirconium in 1925.
Electrons per capa
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Configuració electrònica
[Kr] 4d2 5s2
The most common oxide is zirconium dioxide, also referred to as zirconia
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
6,506 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
2128,15 K | 1855 °C | 3371 °F
Punt d'ebullició
4682,15 K | 4409 °C | 7968,2 °F
Entalpia de fusió
21 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
580 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,278 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,013%
Abundància a l'univers
5×10-6%
Crèdits de les imatges: Wikimedia Commons (Alchemist-hp)
Two samples of crystal bar showing different surface textures as well as a highly pure zirconium cube for comparison
Número CAS
7440-67-7
Número CID de PubChem
23995
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
160 pm
Radi covalent
175 pm
Electronegativitat
1,33 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
6,6339 eV
Volum atòmic
14,0 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,227 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
1, 2, 3, 4
Aplicacions
Zirconium is mainly used as a refractory and opacifier, although it is used in small amounts as an alloying agent for its strong resistance to corrosion.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is used as to make surgical instruments and is used in steel alloys as a hardening agent.
Zirconium is also used to make superconductive magnets.
Zirconium is considered to be non-toxic
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, 94ZrIsòtops inestables
78Zr, 79Zr, 80Zr, 81Zr, 82Zr, 83Zr, 84Zr, 85Zr, 86Zr, 87Zr, 88Zr, 89Zr, 93Zr, 95Zr, 96Zr, 97Zr, 98Zr, 99Zr, 100Zr, 101Zr, 102Zr, 103Zr, 104Zr, 105Zr, 106Zr, 107Zr, 108Zr, 109Zr, 110Zr