Niobi
41
Nb
Grup
5
Període
5
Bloc
d
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
41
41
52
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
41
Massa atòmica
92,90638
Nombre de massa
93
Categoria
Metalls de transició
Color
Gris
Radioactiu
No
Named after Niobe, the daughter of Tantalu
Estructura cristal·lina
Cos cúbic centrat
Història
Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett in 1801 and named the new element columbium.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
In 1846, German chemist Henrich Rose independently discovered the element and named it niobium.
The metal was first isolated by Swedish scientist Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand in 1864 who reduced the chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere.
Electrons per capa
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Configuració electrònica
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
Brazil is the leading producer of niobium
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
8,57 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
2750,15 K | 2477 °C | 4490,6 °F
Punt d'ebullició
5017,15 K | 4744 °C | 8571,2 °F
Entalpia de fusió
26,8 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
690 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,265 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,0017%
Abundància a l'univers
2×10-7%
Número CAS
7440-03-1
Número CID de PubChem
23936
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
146 pm
Radi covalent
164 pm
Electronegativitat
1,6 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
6,7589 eV
Volum atòmic
10,87 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,537 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
-1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Aplicacions
Niobium is used in arc-welding rods for stabilized grades of stainless steel.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Niobium alloys are strong and are often used in pipeline construction.
The metal is used in superalloys for jet engines and heat resistant equipment.
Niobium is found in many medical devices such as pacemakers.
Some niobium compounds are highly toxic
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
93NbIsòtops inestables
81Nb, 82Nb, 83Nb, 84Nb, 85Nb, 86Nb, 87Nb, 88Nb, 89Nb, 90Nb, 91Nb, 92Nb, 94Nb, 95Nb, 96Nb, 97Nb, 98Nb, 99Nb, 100Nb, 101Nb, 102Nb, 103Nb, 104Nb, 105Nb, 106Nb, 107Nb, 108Nb, 109Nb, 110Nb, 111Nb, 112Nb, 113Nb