Tori
90
Th
Grup
n/a
Període
7
Bloc
f
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
90
90
142
Propietats Generals
Nombre atòmic
90
Massa atòmica
232,03806
Nombre de massa
232
Categoria
Actínids
Color
Plata
Radioactiu
Sí
Named after Thor, Scandinavian god of war
Estructura cristal·lina
Cara cúbica centrada
Història
Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1828, in Stockholm, Sweden.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Thorium was first observed to be radioactive in 1898, independently, by Polish-French physicist Marie Curie and German chemist Gerhard Carl Schmidt.
The crystal bar process was discovered by Anton Eduard van Arkel and Jan Hendrik de Boer in 1925 to produce high-purity metallic thorium.
Electrons per capa
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2
Configuració electrònica
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Thorium fuel research is continuing in several countries including the USA and India
Propietats Físiques
Fase
Sòlid
Densitat
11,7 g/cm3
Punt de fusió
2115,15 K | 1842 °C | 3347,6 °F
Punt d'ebullició
5061,15 K | 4788 °C | 8650,4 °F
Entalpia de fusió
16 kJ/mol
Entalpia de vaporització
530 kJ/mol
Capacitat tèrmica específica
0,113 J/g·K
Abundància a l'escorça terrestre
0,0006%
Abundància a l'univers
4×10-8%
Crèdits de les imatges: Wikimedia Commons (NASA/ESA/JHU/R.Sankrit & W.Blair)
The Earth's thorium originated in the death throes of ancient stars
Número CAS
7440-29-1
Número CID de PubChem
23960
Propietats Atòmiques
Radi atòmic
179 pm
Radi covalent
206 pm
Electronegativitat
1,3 (Escala de Pauling)
Potencial d'ionització
6,3067 eV
Volum atòmic
19,9 cm3/mol
Conductivitat tèrmica
0,54 W/cm·K
Estats d'oxidació
2, 3, 4
Aplicacions
Thorium is used to coat tungsten filaments in light bulbs.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
It is also used in its oxide form in gas tungsten arc welding to increase the high-temperature strength of tungsten electrodes and improve arc stability.
Thorium-magnesium alloys are used in the aerospace industry for aircraft engines.
Thorium is highly radioactive
Isòtops
Isòtops estables
232ThIsòtops inestables
209Th, 210Th, 211Th, 212Th, 213Th, 214Th, 215Th, 216Th, 217Th, 218Th, 219Th, 220Th, 221Th, 222Th, 223Th, 224Th, 225Th, 226Th, 227Th, 228Th, 229Th, 230Th, 231Th, 233Th, 234Th, 235Th, 236Th, 237Th, 238Th